I Don t Agree With Lukianoff And Haidt s Position On...

I don t agree with Lukianoff and Haidt s position on student-driven movements arising on campuses, for a few reasons. In my current collegiate experience, there doesn t seem to be a movement trying to get rid of the offensive material. In fact, the offensive material around campus seems to travel rampantly. For example, I can hear many obscenities being shouted in the halls on a consistent basis. I would describe vindictive protectiveness in a campus context as an unconscious impulse to chastise anyone who would create an environment that arouses tension in another individual by their actions or words. I have not witnessed this type of behavior from other students or from campus groups within the college. In fact, I think this type of behavior is very rarely seen. My thoughts are that speech censorship has an impact on students depression and anxiety. Anxiety already causes fear and nervousness, so if people are expected to watch what they say, there s no doubting that it will exacerbate it even more. Additionally, depression and anxiety are two mental illnesses that enjoy each other s company, forming a crippling combo. When students are not able to express themselves without fear of vindictive protectiveness, issues are sure to arise. When the authors refer to free-range childhood, they most likely mean the time when baby boomers and Gen Xers remember riding their bicycles around their hometown, unchaperoned by adults. I agree with their conclusion that

Family Tradition and Theories - 4437 Words

Family Tradition and Theories Author’s Name Institution Family Tradition and Theories My family lives in the middle East and it consists of my grandfather Mansour, grandmother Fahiama, my father Amer, my mother Nada, my 17 years old sister Mariyah, my 23 years old brother Abdullah, my aunt, uncle and I. Our family tradition is taking breakfast together every Friday. Every member of the family ought to be present at the breakfast table no matter the time he or she slept last night. Even if one member of the family is mad at the other, he or she must be present at the table at 10 a.m. and none is supposed to leave the table until all the family members are through with their breakfast and said our prayers. This is†¦show more content†¦Inside of the limits of the framework, patterns grow as the conduct of a certain member of the family’s causes, or caused by, other members behaviors in predictable manner. Keeping up the same pattern of practices within the system may prompt to adjust in the family framework, and dysfunction ( Bornstein, 2006). There are eight concepts in Family Systems Theory and they include; differentiation of self, which is the difference in individuals in their vulnerability to rely upon others for acknowledgement and endorsement., triangles, which is the smallest stable relationship framework and nuclear family emotional process, which consists of the four relationship designs that characterize where issues may grow in a family such as marital conflict, emotional distance, spouse’s dysfunction and impairment in the children. Family protection process is the transmission of emotional issues from the parent to a child and cutoff is the act of decreasing or cutting off emotional contact with family as a way of overseeing uncertain emotional issues. Multigenerational transmission process is the transmission of little contrasts in the levels of differentiation between children and parents. The other concepts are sibling position, which is the effect of kin position on advancement and behavior and societal emotional process, which is the emotional framework that administersShow MoreRelatedMannheim Theory Of Generation Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Mannheims theory of generations is that throughout history each generation develop their own particular life courses such as the baby boomer generation,generation X and Generation Y. Mannheim believed that each generation reflects the cultural, social and economic events which occurred in that period of time. He believes that the adolescents stage is the main force behind these changes with the greatest influence on the course of a persons life. 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Management Is an Integral Part of the Work of Everyone Free Essays

Human resource management is an integral part of the work of everyone in a managerial post and therefore line managers are the key drivers of Human Resource Management practices and systems BMAM702: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Executive Summary HRM may have many good thing to offer and line manager and perform many of it’s duties. Some line manager thing they are doing lot of HR duties and they are don’t mind doing it. However, other agrees that they don’t have enough knowledge and experience to carry put some of the action. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Is an Integral Part of the Work of Everyone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also they see these actions as waste of their time. Table of Content Introduction1 Who is line manager? 1 The role of line managers in implementing HR processes2 Relationship between HR and the line2 Devolving responsibility down the line2 Impact of line manager behaviour3 Managing line managers4 Recommendation:5 Conclusion5 Reference5 Introduction This report will look at the how HRM can be incorporated to HRM. The involvement of line manager in HRM has been noted in literature from early 80’s. this report will try to show the role of line manager in implementing the role of HR and possible obstacle they may face due to this. Who is line manager? Front Line manager usually promoted from normal employees. As a result, they are experienced and know the general employee well, while they may not have any formal management education. CIPD have given a typical role of a front line manager, which may include the followings: * Day-to-day people management * Managing operational costs * Providing technical expertise * Organisation of work allocation and rotas * Monitoring work processes * Checking quality * Dealing with customers/clients Measuring operational performance. Increasingly, line managers are taking new responsibilities such as undertake performance appraisals, handle disciplinary activity also provide coaching and guidance. Moreover, in many companies line manager carry out responsibility such as recruitment and selection along side with HR. To answer the question why line managers are important? Sisson (1994, pp. 7-8) have given four principles of HRM, which includes beliefs and assumptions, manageria l role, organisation design and personal policy. Sisson also defines the role of top-manager, where it was stated that top-managers should establish organisation’s mission and values, and shearing their future vision and success with other employee and provide transformational leadership. Where as when describing the role of middle manager Sisson states that they should be able to â€Å"inspire, encourage, enable and facilitate change by harnessing commitment and co-operation of (the organization’s) employees; they also see the development of employees as a primary role† (Sisson, 1994, p. 8). Hence, it can be said that Sisson trying to say every layers of management has important part to play in implementing the HRM approach in an organisation. The role of line managers in implementing HR processes Relationship between HR and the line Research has shown front line managers play more central role in implementing people management policies, because they have influence in employee’s attitude and behaviours. Which, in turn affects the performance of an organisation (Hutchinson and Purcell, 2003). Although line manager have some input in this area but many HR directors have shown concern about the ffectiveness of line manager in implementing people management policies (Hutchinso, 2008). When a line manager was asked about their role â€Å"one manager interviewed remarked ‘you are the piggy in the middle’ – on the one hand expected to be the voice of management and yet on the other the champion of the team’s interests† (Hutchinso, 2008). Storey (1992) have made the role of line manager clear and cleared the idea that HRM is not another alternative title for Personal Management; rather it is very unique approach. Storey has identified 3 elements that connects HRM and line manager. The first element is to agree that HR of a company is the ones that â€Å"make the differences†. Connected to the first, the second element is as a result HR needs to be managed in a strategic way. Therefore, Storey states â€Å"people-management decisions ought not to be treated as incidental operational matters or be sidelined into the hands of personnel officers† (Storey, 1992: p. 26). Connecting first and second element, Storey stated his third element, which requires line managers to be aware of HR and Strategic direction of an organisation as stated by top-level managers. Thus, the management of people have to be done accordingly by the line managers. Devolving responsibility down the line In late 80’s and early 90’s the use of the term human resource management (HRM) gave rise to pool of literature to be written in order to establish the definition and differences of HRM compare to Personal Management (PM). Among many others Armstrong (1987) was saying â€Å"The game was changing and it was useful to have a new name and a new language to encapsulate what was taking place in the world of work. Even though, there were lot of disagreement about HRM and PM, however many have agreed that the new proposed HRM system increased the role of line manager. Hence, numerous articles and reports have been written on the involvement of Line manager in HRM. Currie and Procter (2001) presented in their report that, recently line manager is playing more central role to HRM because of the fact that some HR works is ‘devolved’ to the line man ager. The researches carried out by CIPD have shown that, there are positive feelings amongst the employee when the line manages plays significant role in implementing some of the HR policies themselves. As a result, employees have higher level of commitment and satisfaction in their job, which gives higher performance. Cunningham et. el (1999) have stated that devolution of responsibility between line manager and HR consultants, enables release of HR professional â€Å"from the burdensome toil of conducting routine techniques†. As a result they can focus more on strategic business decision (Whittaker, and Marchington, 2003). Impact of line manager behaviour Line managers have significant effects on employees. Their behaviour and practice will affect the level and focus of employee commitment. The goal of HRM is to achieve employees’ commitment to the organization, with the aim of making these employees â€Å"more satisfied, more productive and more adaptable† (Guest, 1987, p. 513). That is only possible with having a strong line manager who can recognise, and appreciate the work of employees. Research shown that generally line managers are relatively happy in completing some HR work, one of the managers said, â€Å"If there wasn’t any personnel [function] I’d need to do personnel work anyway, because it’s my job (Power Business, Utility Co. †. However, same time they agree that they are on their own inadequacies in HRM. Another manager have made remark such as: â€Å"Look at sickness absence, there are those line managers that will do that without being reminded, there are those that will do that because they care, and there are line managers that just will not do it unless they are actually pushed into doing it. I think the more HR that we push down to the line managers, the more uncontrolled it will become (Generation Business, Utility Co. )† (Renwick, 2003). Renwick (2003) have done extensive research on line manager involvement in HRM, and listed many positive and negative of HRM perctices withing line managers. Some of these are listed below (1) Positives: * The line are taking on responsibility and accountability in HR work. * Flexibility is forthcoming from the line to do HR work. * The line are keen to take part on doing HR work. * The line are managing large numbers of employees. * The line take a professional and serious attitude to doing HR work. * Line managers are relatively happy doing some HR work. The line are considerate of employee needs and wishes. * The line see HR as positive helpers in HR work. * The line see career bene? ts for them in doing HR work. (2) Negatives: * The line have many duties, and lack time to do HR work well. * The line do not see themselves as experts in HRM. * Doing HR work dilutes the line’s generalist managerial focus. * Signi? cant line inadequacies in handling HR work. * Tensions between line and HR over transfer and completion of HR duties. * The line need to re? ect and be critical of their performance in HR work. The line are reliant on HR to do HR work properly. * Differing line commitment and discipline levels to doing HRM. * The line have responsibility and accountability in HRM, but little authority. * Little appreciation of line ? exibility in doing HR tasks from ? rms. After the research Renwick summarised it with saying line managers â€Å"acknowledge that they shared the completion of HR work with HR. † However, although line are doing well in some HRM practices, but still they lucks the expertise, knowledge and experience to carry out full HRM duties. Moreover, many aspects of HRM line dislike doing. Redman’s (2001) finding shows that some line will complete employee performance appraisal over phone call. Managing line managers To get best performance from the line manager they have to be managed in right way. The relationship line manager enjoys with from their manager will reflect on how line manager conducts themselves with others. The graph below shows how senior management felt about HRM and effect it will have on value added activities. The trends shows that the move towards strategic HRM mean that an ef? cient and professional service will be delivered within agreed time-scales with an ensured consistency of approach, (Sisson, 1994). Fig 1. The road to achieving a value-added function (Sisson, 1994). The figure and the report have show that line managers are happen to carry out some of the duties, however, they do feel long and bureaucratic process of HRM is waste of their time. Recommendation: I feel line manager should perform some HRM actions. Such as , undertaking performance appraisal. This process will enable them to learn more about the employee, hence they will be able to relate to the employee and show consideration for them. Since, line manager is the first level of contact with employee they should take the responsibility to overlook the employee‘s training and couching. Moreover, line manager should be the role model and shows how to balance work-life. Conclusion Although HRM practices show benefit to an organisation, however there are still many areas need more clarity. Although line manager understand the importance of HR work but they still require training and understanding some of the practices of HRM. Line manager have the most influence, performance and commitment of employee greatly depends on how line manager conduct themselves with employees. Reference Armstrong, M. (1987. Human resource management: a case of the emperor’s new clothes?. Personnel Management, Vol. 19 No. 8, pp. 30-5. Cunningham, I. and Hyman, J. (1999), â€Å"Devolving HR responsibilities to the line – beginning of the end or a new beginning for personnel? †, Personnel Review, Vol. 8 No. 1-2, pp. 9-27. Currie, G. and Procter, S. (2001). Exploring the relationship between HR and middle managers. Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 53-69. Hutchinson, S. (2008). The role of front line managers in bringing policies to life. Bristol Business School. Hutchinson, S. and Purcell, J. (2003). Bringing Policies to Life: The vital role of front lin e managers. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Renwick, D, (2003) â€Å"Line manager involvement in HRM: an inside view†, Employee Relations, Vol. 25 Iss: 3, pp. 262 – 280 Richbell, S. 2001), â€Å"Trends and emerging values in human resource management: The UK scene†, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 261-8. Sisson, K. (1994), â€Å"Personnel management: paradigms, practice and prospects†, in Sisson, K. (Ed. ), Personnel Management – A Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Practice in Britain, 2nd ed. , Blackwell, Oxford. Storey, J. (1992), Development in the Management of Human Resources, Blackwell, Oxford. Whittaker, S. Marchington, M. (2003) â€Å"Devolving HR responsibility to the line: Threat, opportunity or partnership? â€Å", Employee Relations, Vol. 25 Iss: 3, pp. 245 – 261 How to cite Management Is an Integral Part of the Work of Everyone, Essay examples

Australian Labour Market Trends-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report to evaluate career opportunities within the current Australian labour market with a specific focus on your target industry (health care). Answer: Introduction: Nursing can be considered one of the most noble professions that provides not only financially secure future, but also provides the opportunity for the professional to have a fulfilling career with job satisfaction and the chance to save lives and provide care and support to the sick and ailing. Hence, it has to be mentioned in this context that the profession of heath care and nursing most importantly, receives a huge competition and it is very important for a graduating nurse to research the options available and the employability trends before deciding on a particular sector (Holmes 2015). Along with that it has to be mentioned as well that for different nations, the international cultural influence is also a very important factor that plays a profound role in the employment sectors. For instance, Australia is a nation with a different national culture and there is a significant impact on the labor market and employability statistics. This assignment will attempt to explore the di fferent factors associated with the labor market of the health care sectors of Australia and how the intercultural trends impact on the labor market of health care. Australian labour market trends: First and foremost, the national and state level employability trends are needed to be checked in order to begin the discussion on the labor market of the nation in the particular sectors. According to the department of employment of the Australian government, the employability of the nation is expected to entertain a hike of 7.8% in the next 5 years (Department of Jobs and Small Business 2018). The predicted rise in the total employment statistics is based entirely on the steady industrial growth that the nation has achieved in the last couple of years. Considering the recent report by the Australian government, from the year of 2015-2016, there has been a reported hike of close to 2% (225000 to 11939600). According to Docs.employment.gov.au. (2018), considering the figures from the growth rate sustained by the national employment statistics in the last ten years, this has been the most notable rise, which is expected to continue. According to the recent report it has to be mentione d that the most important factor behind the notable increase in the employability statistics is generally attributed to infrastructure enhancement and resultant industrial growth. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that for the most part, this increase can also be attributed to part time employment hike among the students and gradating individuals, although it has to be highlighted here that the marked increase in the part time employment also has had a significant impact on the total number of hours worked as well, which has only attained a decent 0.6 % hike (Lmip.gov.au. 2018). According to the critical analysis, it can be mentioned that the growth in the employment sector indicates a paradigm, shift towards the scientific or technical sectors and the service based sectors as well. The youth unemployment rate however is still looming at a 13.2 % as per the data of 2016, and the unemployment rate among the youth has increased 1.2 % in the past year mostly due to part time empl oyment tenure. However, the statistical data indicates at the rising competition in the labor market, preferably in the technical, sceintifc and service based structures (Hajkowicz et al. 2016). Healthcare sectors and occupations: Coming to the health care sector, which is the sector under focus for this assignment, the employment statistics are also very poignant in the Australian demographics. It has to be mentioned in this context that there has been a significant hike in the number of people that have been employed in different sectors within the health care workforce. According to the recent statistics, the total number of people employed in the health care sector is 1663900, including the full time and part time employees. According to the Lmip.gov.au. (2018), the total employment in the health care sector of the Australia represents 13.4 % of the total workforce of the nation. The health care industry of the Australia has been growing tremendously and there has been a significant impact on the demand of health care services as well. With the most remote areas being included under the coverage of the health care services, the need for manpower has increased more than ever. According to the report, there has been a significant 22.1 % increase in the employment in the health care industry (Lawson 2014). Along with that, the earnings of the full time employees in this sector are $1200 without taxes on a per week basis. Hence it can be mentioned that health care industry is a growing industry in the Australian demographics, with great scope for professional growth and sustainability. The most sought after sectors in the health care industry include the posts of registered nurse, aged and disabled carers, and child carers (Lmip.gov.au. 2018). Focusing on the aged sector, it is undoubtedly one of the most sought after sectors for the fresh graduates looking for an opportunity to begin their professional journey on. It has to be mentioned that the aged care service is under tremendous demand in the Australian demographics. The population of the Australia is aging considerably at a high rate nad hence with the critically ill and aging patient population rising every single day, the demand for aged care sectors is rising rapidly. Hence this is one domain that I would like to apply for when I embark on my professional journey. There are a few overlapping designations within this sector, namely the aged or disabled carer, personal care worker or personal carer. The job responsibilities are very similar in all the cases and comprises of providing personal, physical and emotional support to the older people that require assistance with the activities of daily living. A certificate II or III or at least 1 year of relevant experien ce is required to work in this sector and the remuneration details include $679.90 and $799 per week. Coming to the prospects of this health care sector, it can be mentioned that this sector is growing rapidly and in the Australian demographics there are at least close to 163700 workers employed in the aged care sector. And according to the research in the coming 5 years this sectors are going to increase up to 241200. And presently the vacancies in this aged acre sectors are closely 184000 in most parts of the Australia, with lower unemployment rates in this sector, hence it is a considerably promising option (Kryger 2015). The second sector, that is have chosen to pursue is the private health sector, which also a highly demanding service in the health care industry of not just Australia, but the entire globe. The private health care workers provide assistance, support and direct care benefits to disabled patients and critically ill patients in need for daily assistance. This health care sectors also requires a certificate II and certificate III and a year worth experience to start working for a reputed organizations. There are a few designations in this sector like nursing support worker, personal care assistant, and even therapy aide. The pay in this sector on the weekly basis is $900 approximately. The workforce strength in this sector is close to 92700 workers and is expected to increase up to 105900 in the coming five years. The vacancy statistics in these sectors has been estimated to a promising figure of 64000 openings all across Australia. Hence, it is a promising sector as well and promises co nsiderable professional growth in the near future (Lmip.gov.au. 2018). Intercultural challenges: Cultural trends have a significant impact on the professional attitude and dealings as well. And along with that, the impact of the cultural values can be far more overpowering for the students that migrate to different nations for higher employability statistics and better opportunities (Wiewiora et al. 2013). I would like to mention that coming from a different cultural background the westernized culture of Australia has been a slight challenge for me o overcome in my education experience. Now exploring the employment or professional context of the Australian demographics, there is also a significant impact of the basic national culture and principles as well (Pham and Tran 2015). It has to be understood that Australia is a country that has very low power distance and a very approachable or welcoming relationship among the different designations regardless of the powers and position (Abdelkerim and Grace 2012). The professional culture in here is a more of an open door policy where the employees are expected to be confident and sure of them along with having credibility and qualifications. Coming from a more ethnic culture myself, high power distance and a little discomfort is what I have been comfortable with when it comes to professional attitudes. Hence, open culture and the go-getter extrovert attitude expected in the Australian organizational culture can act as a significant challenge for me. Approachability is also very high in the Australian professional culture and there are no certain boundaries to professional attitude (Beer et al. 2016). The work environment in this country is very relaxed and causal with people keeping a very individualistic approach to living. Hence, although the people are helpful and warm, there is a lack of collectivist approach to the lifestyle very little sense of responsibility for people outside of their close knit circles. Hence, starting out my professional journey in this country it can be a significant challenge for me as well as I come from a collectivist social culture (Kosny, Santos and Reid 2017). Apart from that a few common challenges facing the international students while working in the Australian demographics include the language barrier. For a vast variety of students that belong to the different intercultural backgrounds, acculturation with the language spoken and the accent can prove to be a significant challenge as well. Along with that, a vast variety o the Australian patients belong to the indigenous or aboriginal backgrounds (Lu et al. 2014). As I have had no prior interaction with the aboriginal culture and their understanding health, working with native patients can also be a grave change for an international student like me. Lastly, according to the research, it has to be mentioned that the racial discrimination and bullying is a very common occurrence for the international youth that come to either study or start a professional journey in Australia. Hence, for international students acceptability and bullying can be a significant challenge for the most part (Ri enties et al. 2012). Recommendation: From the extensive research that I have carried out for the study, it can be clearly stated that the employment market in the Australian demographics are charming without any doubt. Over the past years, there have been a remarkable improvement in the employability rate and statistics of this country and the increasing growth rates are expected to entertain promising rise in the near future as well. For the health care industry most preferably, there has been a myriad of different opportunities opening up for the aspirants of this field and hence Australian health acre industry undoubtedly is a highly promising professional domain without any conflict. However, for international students like myself there are a few challenges that is needed to be overcome for us to be able to attain excellent job opportunities (Tuckerman et al. 2012). According to the health care industrial reports and panel discussions, employment in this sector depends heavily upon overall credibility, confidence and cultural connections, hence the first recommendation strategy for me as an international student will be to focus on my personal image and confidence to suit the open door policy of this westernized professional culture. I would like to attend cultural safety programs and language assistance to attune myself with the dialect and cultural trends of this country. I would also like to join continuous professional development programs, especially in the cultural competence sectors so that there is maximal chances of my resume being of same weightage as any native candidate (McDermott et al., 2012). A few job searching strategies that I will like to employ will include setting up a detailed and updated Linked in profiles to be able to attract the attention of the most of the reputed aged care and private care sectors. I would like to develop a resume with professional assistance to highlight my skills and key strengths to attract the most attention. As I would like to join a aged care sectors most preferably, I would like to enhance my qualifications and skills as well to have a competitive edge, hence I would join additional vocational aid trainings and aged care support workshops to gain experience and make professional connections along with finding sector specific recruiters. Conclusion: On a conclude note, it can be stated that the Australian labour market is enhancing and enriching very rapidly and there are a thousand different opportunities that are opening in different employment sectors in this nation. Among the different employment sectors, the health care industry can be considered a booming sector with a myriad of opportunities. This report provided a detailed analysis of the job market and employment trends of the health care industry along with the possible intercultural challenges that international students like me can face while establishing a career in the nation. However, with the recommendation strategies outlined the process can be easily simplified and best opportunities can be attained for a marvelous professional future in the land of new opportunitie References: Abdelkerim, A.A. and Grace, M., 2012. Challenges to employment in newly emerging African communities in Australia: A review of the literature.Australian Social Work,65(1), pp.104-119. Beer, A., Bentley, R., Baker, E., Mason, K., Mallett, S., Kavanagh, A. and LaMontagne, T., 2016. Neoliberalism, economic restructuring and policy change: Precarious housing and precarious employment in Australia.Urban studies,53(8), pp.1542-1558. Department of Jobs and Small Business. (2018).Analysis of trends in the Australian labour market. [online] Available at: https://www.jobs.gov.au/annual-report-2016/analysis-trends-australian-labour-market [Accessed 8 Apr. 2018]. Docs.employment.gov.au. (2018).July 2017 Hot Topic: The Labour Market Experience of Recent Migrants | Department of Jobs and Small Business - Document library, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://docs.employment.gov.au/documents/july-2017-hot-topic-labour-market-experience-recent-migrants [Accessed 8 Apr. 2018]. Hajkowicz, S.A., Reeson, A., Rudd, L., Bratanova, A., Hodgers, L., Mason, C. and Boughen, N., 2016. Tomorrows digitally enabled workforce: Megatrends and scenarios for jobs and employment in Australia over the coming twenty years.Australian Policy Online. Holmes, P., 2015. The cultural stuff around how to talk to people: immigrants' intercultural communication during a pre-employment work-placement.Language and Intercultural Communication,15(1), pp.109-124. Kosny, A., Santos, I. and Reid, A., 2017. Employment in a Land of Opportunity? Immigrants Experiences of Racism and Discrimination in the Australian Workplace.Journal of International Migration and Integration,18(2), pp.483-497. Kryger, T., 2015.Casual employment in Australia: A quick guide. Parliamentary Library. Lawson, C., 2014. International higher education student satisfaction with opportunities for work experience and employment in Australia.Department of Education. https://internationaleducation. gov. au/research/Publications/Documents/Employ ment% 20report. pdf. Lmip.gov.au. (2018).Welcome to the Labour Market Information Portal.. [online] Available at: https://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/GainInsights/IndustryInformation/HealthCareandSocialAssistance [Accessed 8 Apr. 2018]. Lu, S.H., Dear, B.F., Johnston, L., Wootton, B.M. and Titov, N., 2014. An internet survey of emotional health, treatment seeking and barriers to accessing mental health treatment among Chinese-speaking international students in Australia.Counselling Psychology Quarterly,27(1), pp.96-108. McDermott, S. and Edwards, R., 2012. Enabling Self?determination for Older Workers with Intellectual Disabilities in Supported Employment in Australia.Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities,25(5), pp.423-432. Pham, L. and Tran, L., 2015. Understanding the symbolic capital of intercultural interactions: A case study of international students in Australia.International Studies in Sociology of Education,25(3), pp.204-224. Rienties, B., Beausaert, S., Grohnert, T., Niemantsverdriet, S. and Kommers, P., 2012. Understanding academic performance of international students: the role of ethnicity, academic and social integration.Higher education,63(6), pp.685-700. Tuckerman, P., Cain, P., Long, B. and Klarkowski, J., 2012. An exploration of trends in open employment in Australia since 1986.Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation,37(3), pp.173-183. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G. and Coffey, V., 2013. Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), pp.1163-1174.

Title 5 Novels Essays - Slaves Of Spiegel, Harold, Sargon

Title: 5 Novels Author: Daniel Pinkwater Category: Sci- Fiction, Fiction Settings:First story: in Hogboro, New York. Second story: Earth and the planet Spiegel. Third story: Genghis Khan High School. Forth: Rochester New York. Fifth: Margaret Himmler High School. Time Period: 1990's Alan Mendelson, the boy from mars: Leonard Neeble. Alan Mendelson. Samuel Klugarsh. Clarence Yojimbo. Leonard Neeble is the new kid at school. No one really likes him, but he doesn't care. He's a real smart boy, but he found out if he acted dumb, no one would notice him. His grades are failing and his parents send him to a psychology just about the same time a new kid arrives at school. His name is Alan Mendelson, and he claims to be from Mars. He's an outcast, like Leonard, but the kids just don't like him, they hate him. He's always being mean, and he can trip people just by whistling. They become good friends, and they go comic book hunting, and they find this store with this guy who studies hyperstellar archaeology. His name is Samual Klugarsh. He tells them about his studies, and sells them a device, to see if you can have mind control. They try it, and it works. They can make people take off their hats and rub their bellies. Klugarsh gives them the next book, by Clarence Yojimbo, disguised as a dictionary. If you write down the second English words of each word backwards, It tells you other things you can do. The did, It didn't tell much. Then they met Clarence Yojimbo in a caf? one day, and he told them the real purpose for state 26 (Mind control) He says that in certain places, you can move into another dimension using state 26. They try one, the only one in America, which happens to be in the next town. They could only go for 2 hours before they were stuck there. They went, and followed these people into a cave. Th people told them that they were ruled by 3 people who had a monster enforce their law. That monster could only be seen in semi dark places. Everyone came to the place these 3 were, and all brought torches. ?They?(The 3 rulers) threatened to call the monster out, but the people wouldn't leave. The monster came out, and in the smoke, everyone could see that it was just ?Them? in state 26, partially visible. A famous Martian, who helped plan this, was grateful. Later on, Leonard got a letter from Alan saying?Dear Leonard, My parents want you to ask your parents if it would be OK if you stayed the summer in ?The Bronx?(If ya know what I mean). If they say yes, our friend Rolzup (The Martian) will be able to arange all of the details. Your friend, Alan Mendelson. Slaves of Spiegel: Sargon, Norman Bleistift, Steve Nickelson. It starts on a planet, covered with rappers. All the fat pirates come to hear Sargon He throws out food to all the pirates. He made a speech about their history, how they raided all the planets for food. He talked about every delicacy in the galaxy. He really didn't care, he was bored with their food. He wanted something new and different. He announced that the person who could find someone to cook the best food in the galaxy, would be rewarded for the rest of their lives. On earth, Norman was working for Steve in an ice cream shop. He had every flavor there was and a lot of weird one too. One big one was the Day of Wrath, a HUGE bucket full of all kinds of weird ice cream. One day, a fat pirate with a digital watch came and ordered one. This made Steve very excited, no one has ever ordered one before. The fat pirate ate it and left. Steve was kinda mad that the fat man didn't say anything, but the next day, two groups of fat men with digital watches came, the next day, a dozen. Then, one night, an alien ship came and took Steve away. Steve didn't mind, he just asked for them to bring Norman to help him cook. Norman was a bit nervous. When they got to Spiegel, They were told to prepare their finest. Steve didn't want to make just a Day of Wrath, he wanted something bigger. It had to be a lot though, he had to feed thousands of

Introduction to Clinical Trial

Introduction to Clinical Trial Introduction Studies show that human behaviors are subjective to whatever each one believes or knows. In fact, in most studies the expectations tend to present certain degrees of risks that influence the research outcomes. The expectations seem to occur particularly whenever the assessments show some level of subjectivity. The resultant effect is the generation of biased findings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introduction to Clinical Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, researchers in clinical trials tend to use masking also dubbed as blinding in order to get rid of the biasness. However, many clinical researchers across the globe seem to comprehend the term blinding although there are perplexities lurking afar the general understanding of the term. For instance, the types of blinding namely triple blinding, double blinding, and single blinding have different meanings according to various individu als. The different views create miscomprehensions resulting from the confusing meanings. In clinical trials, blinding has a very rich account that has been in existence for centuries. According to medical literature, blinding entails making all the data collectors (assessors), healthcare providers (investigators) and trial participants uninformed about the allocated intervention in order to avoid the influence of such information. Besides improving the trial participants’ retention and conformity, blinding minimizes knowledge bias also called the differential evaluation of results. This research examines the importance of blinding in clinical trials, the types of blinds, as well as offers recommendation on the best type of blind. The importance of blinding in clinical trials Blinding plays an invaluable role as a methodological aspect of the randomized controlled trials in clinical research studies. In other words, blinding provides the most favorable devices for minimizing t he probability of disparity in treatment as well as the evaluation of outcomes in clinical trials. Besides, the cover up of group allocation from a number of individuals involved in clinical studies comes with its own justifications and significance (Devereaux, Manns, Ghali, 2001). When randomized controlled trials are conducted well and thoroughly, the ingredients for the provision of optimal approximations arise from the effect of the intrusions involving surgeries. In addition, masking has a strong point in augmenting the validity of statistical experiments applied in the justification process. This arises founded on the fact that the disparities incurred in the intervention groups and control groups portray the differences between two random samples of the population. In essence, the disparities amid the control and interference study groups ought to be evaluated against the likelihood expectations in the research populace (Kaptchuk, 1998). Numerical experiments are based on va rious presuppositions ranging from adequate test sizes to the standard variation allocations that are autonomous from blinding as a fraction of the study plan.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, blinding in clinical trials produces a cluster of attributes that are similar considering the known and unknown aspects of prognosis. For instance, through the generation of two factions of focus that have comparable attributes, blinding appears to be important in reducing the predisposition arising from the event where a single group of the sample has attributes that are either recognized or indefinite. The attributes must be influencing the connection that exists between the intervention and the expected results. Third, through blinding in clinical trials, there is the elimination and minimization of the remaining prejudices to the least levels. For instance, predispositions can take place at different levels during clinical trials. In fact, the period of the prospective evaluation where the healthcare providers, investigators, and screening teams such as data safety monitoring boards are blinded as the subjects’ consigned cluster. At this point, the healthcare providers’ comprehension has the effect of influencing the clinical care of the subjects thereby leading to bias (Kaptchuk, 1998). Additionally, during the assessment of the results as well as judgment deliverance, the evaluators of the results are masked in order to be invisible to the subjects of the assigned group. In the event where the outcome assessors are unmasked involving the board responsible for making the final judgment on the accomplishment of the clinical trial, the evaluators may be biased due to their preconceived expected result perceptions. Moreover, during the actual assignment that precedes masking the group in focus to their assigned cluster, th e unmasked subjects are capable of changing their individual actions and the autonomous evaluations relating to the qualities of life, which are key endpoints in clinical trials. Generally, failure of the subjects to comprehend clearly their assigned groups would bring the likelihood of them crossing from the control group to the intervention cluster (Sackett, 2007). Similarly, the blinded subjects portray less likelihood of being eliminated from the study. Blinding in clinical trials also has ethical importance. In fact, masking subsequent to clinical trial ensures that all subjects are provided with equal opportunities during the trial. In essence, clear and proper randomization in allocating the subjects to the intervention or control cluster is irrespective of any predisposition of the conceived intentions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Introduction to Clinical Trial specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More B linding is also important in preventing the subsequent assignments in clinical trial from being recognized. Thus, blinding enables healthcare providers to be unable to know the next group of patients that are to be allocated prior to entering the trial. For instance, a doctor administering a new drug intended to help patients lose their body weights is required to randomize the subjects to the new weight-losing drug. If the doctor knows the drug that is to be administered to the next patient, the possibility of the doctor inclining to the patients is perceived to benefit more from the administration of the drug. Based on this development, blinding is very important in the elimination of the predetermined awareness of upcoming cleaning trial assignments (Sackett, 2007). The absence of concealment leads to overestimation of the intervention consequences. Studies indicate that the utilization of inadequate allocation blinding during clinical trials produces up to over forty percent tre atment effect compared to trials conducted using adequate allocation concealment thereby leading to biasness. For instance, considering a trial of glucosamine in the treatment of knee pain, forty-eight patients underwent randomization for either placebo (n=23) or glucosamine (n=25). Through the employment of blinding experimental design, the results indicated that approximately ninety percent of the patients in the glucosamine cluster recorded improvement in the knee pain (Kaptchuk, 1998). Conversely, approximately twenty percent of those in the placebo group recorded improvement in knee pain. Based on the results, it is evident that the application of adequate concealment in clinical trial gives standardized treatment effects. Moreover, blinding during clinical trials makes sure that the concealment schemes are unknown using adequate blinding techniques. For instance, the use of sequentially numbered, opaque, and sealed envelopes is an example of blinding technique thereby assuring adequate concealment. Types of blinds Even though the term blinding brings difficulty and confusion in understanding, a number of pollsters throughout the globe today comprehend it better than they used to do in the past. In fact, the researchers have mystified blinding with the allotment concealment due to misapprehension. According to the different opinions and understanding of the diverse groups of people, there are three types of blinding (Schulz, Chalmers, Altman, 2002). The types of blinding include triple blinding, double blinding, and single blinding. In all the blinding cases, the assessors, investigators in the trial, and participants are blocked from the familiarity with the investigation assignment. All these types are opposed to an open label or non-blinded clinical trials where the recipient of the intervention becomes identified using everybody in the trial process.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When all through the entire process of trial a single party out of the three groups of characters in the trial remains unaware of the intervention project, the clinical trial is dubbed as single blinding. However, bewilderment when defining single blinding may occur given that the assessor lacks familiarity with the intervention, but the examiner and the participants are aware of such interventions. Conversely, some differences emerge in the case of double binding trial (Juni, Altman, Egger, 2001). For instance, during the whole process of double blinding trial, the evaluator, examiner, and the participants are all not in possession of the facts of the intervention mission. As such, the researchers are at times hoodwinks in that the whole group is kept unaware of the intervention assignment. Interestingly, double blinding might precisely refer to the two classes in that the examiner as well as the regular assessments in the case of medicinal investigation. In contrast, triple blind ing trail denotes a double blind trial where the unsighted data analysis is sustained. The examiners may observe the experiment as triple blinding when the participants, researchers, and evaluators are all uninformed of the intervention mission. In addition, the examiners perceive an experiment as a triple blind once the evaluators and examiners are both distinct and ignorant of the involvements. The triple bind is not often employed by the examiners to mean blinding of information analysts, evaluators, and contributors (Sackett, 2007). Therefore, all the three categories of individuals in triple blinding clinical trials are scheduled to have no any other information about the involvement tasks. The best type of blind and why In view of all the three types of blinding, I would prefer the double blinding to the triple and single blinding during clinical trials. Indeed, several researchers and medical investigators insist on a double blinding clinical trial as it is of high quality. F or instance, in this type of blinding, failures hardly appear during the blinding process. In fact, all trial participants are very unaware of the preceding and upcoming trails events. That is, everyone lacks knowledge on what the clinical results would be after the trial is completed. Although double blinding is of high quality, it may not offer the most important general quality of the trial. There is an indication of blinding the outcome assessors, participants, and investigators, which might lead to death. However, since double blinding is a sin qua non of the randomized control trial, it prevents biasness. As examined in the practical studies, double blind trial avoids bias to some extents while on regular grounds it puts a stop to biasness than sufficient concealment. Conclusion In randomized control clinical trials, the outcome validity can be maximized through blinding technique, which assists researchers in minimizing information bias. Based on the research analysis, the cl inical trial participants including data analysts, result judges, data gatherers as well as practitioners ought to be blinded. However, despite the presence of different kinds of blinding, very few clinical trials tend to include blinding during research studies. Blinding can only be achieved via the use of inventive and novel methods. Irrespective of the limitations eminent in triple blinding, double blinding, and single blinding, double blinding appears to be the best type of blinding. In this type of blinding, failures hardly appear during the blinding process. References Devereaux, P., Manns, B., Ghali, W. (2001). Physician interpretations and textbook definitions of blinding terminology in randomized controlled trials. JAMA, 285 (3), 2000–03. Juni, P., Altman, D., Egger, M. (2001). Systematic reviews in health care: assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ, 323 (6), 42–6. Kaptchuk, T. (1998). Intentional ignorance: A history of blind assessment a nd placebo controls in medicine. Bull Hist Med, 72(2), 389–433. Sackett, D. (2007). Measuring the success of blinding in RCTs: Don’t, must, can’t or needn’t. Int J Epidemiol, 36(3),664–5. Schulz, K., Chalmers, I., Altman, D. (2002). The landscape and lexicon of blinding in randomized trials. Ann Intern Med, 136 (1), 254–59.

A Quiz About Attribution

A Quiz About Attribution A Quiz About Attribution A Quiz About Attribution By Mark Nichol Punctuation associated with attribution identification of the source of a statement can, when used incorrectly, confuse rather than clarify communication. Troubleshoot these troublesome sentences, paying attention to the relationship of the attribution to the rest of the sentence, and then compare your revisions with my solutions at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"Now he needed ‘new worlds to conquer,’ in his own words.† 2. â€Å"She makes this moral argument, ‘Taking whatever we need from the world to support our comfortable lives is not worthy of us as moral beings.’† 3. â€Å"Only a few days before the sisters flew off to the Caribbean, Smith said Jane had moved from her apartment in San Francisco.† 4. â€Å"Unfortunately, he estimated that it’s 25 percent less effective at eliminating odors than standard brands.† 5. â€Å"I think they’re going to have that mentality of: ‘How dare he?’† 6. â€Å"And while Osama bin Ladens killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘Nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† 7. â€Å"To pass a necessity test usually means a negative response to the question: ‘Can the same result be obtained by other means?’† 8. â€Å"He explained that unlike during the previous droughts, ‘When the drought breaks, we will not return to cooler, wetter conditions.’† 9. â€Å"‘We were very worried,’ says Jones, ‘It was the winter from hell.’† 10. â€Å"He voted against the bill, declaring: ‘The only thing this bill will stimulate is the national debt.’† Answers and Explanations 1. The original sentence is correct, but there’s more to good writing that correct grammar. There’s a great opportunity in this sentence for a rhythm of tension and release, so exploit it: â€Å"Now he needed, in his own words, ‘new worlds to conquer.’† 2. When an attribution is in itself grammatically self-contained (â€Å"She makes this moral argument† is a complete sentence), use a colon, rather than a comma, to signal the setup (as I’ve done when prefacing each correction here): â€Å"She makes this moral argument: ‘Taking whatever we need from the world to support our comfortable lives is not worthy of us as moral beings.’† 3. The punctuation in this sentence conveys that Smith made the statement shortly before the sisters’ flight. But â€Å"Smith said† is a parenthetical attribution that tells the reader who made the comment that the move occurred just before the trip: â€Å"Only a few days before the sisters flew off to the Caribbean, Smith said, Jane had moved from her apartment in San Francisco.† 4. This sentence’s problem is the same as the preceding one; it’s only the length of the introductory part of the sentence that differs. The estimate described was not unfortunate; â€Å"unfortunately† is part of the larger sentence, not part of the attribution: â€Å"Unfortunately, he estimated, it’s 25 percent less effective at eliminating odors than standard brands.† 5. By contrast with the second sentence, above, in this case a colon immediately preceding the quotation clumsily brings the sentence to a halt. No punctuation is necessary in this type of construction: â€Å"I think they’re going to have that mentality of ‘How dare he?’† 6. When a person’s comments are partially paraphrased, and an attribution separates an indirect quotation from a direct quotation, the latter element, because it doesn’t constitute a complete sentence, should not begin with a capitalized word even if it is grammatically complete: â€Å"And while Osama bin Ladens killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† 7. As in the fifth example, above, this sentence requires no punctuation preceding the quotation: â€Å"To pass a necessity test usually means a negative response to the question ‘Can the same result be obtained by other means?’† 8. As in the sixth example, above, though the direct quotation is a complete sentence, a preceding paraphrase has been attached to it as an introductory phrase. Even though, unlike in the similar example, the attribution begins the sentence rather than appears between the indirect and direct quotations, the two elements constitute a single statement and the direct quotation should not begin with a capitalized word: â€Å"He explained that unlike during the previous droughts, ‘when the drought breaks, we will not return to cooler, wetter conditions.’† 9. This sentence consists of two complete statements separated by an attribution, so the attribution should be followed by a period: â€Å"‘We were very worried,’ says Jones. ‘It was the winter from hell.’† 10. When an attribution includes a verb, the punctuation following it should be a comma, not a colon: â€Å"He voted against the bill, declaring, ‘The only thing this bill will stimulate is the national debt.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesStory Writing 10135 Synonyms for Rain and Snow